The Gambia has announced it will ban female genital mutilation (FGM) after the Guardian launched a global campaign to end the practice.

The president, Yahya Jammeh, said last night that the controversial surgical intervention would be outlawed. He said the ban would come into effect immediately, though it was not clear when the government would draft legislation to enforce it.

FGM involves cutting female genitalia – often when girls are young – to remove their labia and clitoris, which often leads to lifelong health complications, including bleeding, infections, vaginal pain and infertility. More than 130 million women worldwide are subjected to the procedure in Africa and the Middle East.

The practice is widespread in many African countries, including the Gambia, where 76% of females have been subjected to it. The age at which FGM takes place in the Gambia is not recorded, but it is reported that the trend of practicing FGM on infant girls is increasing. By the age of 14, 56% of female children in the country have had the procedure.

Jaha Dukureh, an anti-FGM activist whose campaign to end the practice in the country has been supported by the Guardian, spent the past week meeting cabinet ministers in the Gambia and sent them articles from the newspaper to inform them about the issue.

“I’m really amazed that the president did this. I didn’t expect this in a million years. I’m just really proud of my country and I’m really, really happy,” she told the Guardian. “I think the president cared about the issue, it was just something that was never brought to his attention.

Jammeh’s announcement came late last night, as the president was visiting his home village on Kanilai as part of a nationwide tour. The announcement was unexpected for both campaigners and public.
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“The amazing thing is it’s election season. This could cost the president the election. He put women and girls first, this could negatively affect him, but this shows he cares more about women than losing people’s votes,” said Dukureh.

Dukureh will return to the Gambia on Tuesday to thank Jammeh for the ban and to help with drafting the legislation that will enforce it.

A ban on FGM would be a significant development on an issue that has proved controversial and divisive in the Gambia, with some arguing that FGM is permitted in Islam, the major religion in the country.

Senior Muslim clerics in the Gambia have previously denied the existence of FGM in the Gambia saying instead that was is practiced is “female circumcision”. In 2014, state house imam, Alhaji Abdoulie Fatty told Kibaaro News, “I have never heard of anyone who died as a result of female genital mutilation (FGM)... If you know what FGM means, you know that we do not practice that here. We do not mutilate our children.”

Mary Wandia, the FGM programme manager at women’s rights campaign group Equality Now said: “The ban is an essential first step towards ending FGM and we commend President Jammeh on finally announcing it.

“A law must now be enacted and properly implemented to ensure that every girl at risk is properly protected. The government needs to show strong commitment and prioritise this issue in a country where three quarters of women have been affected and reductions in prevalence have been slow to materialise.”

Though support for FGM is widespread in the Gambia, reports have shown that public support for the practice has dropped in recent decades among women across all age groups.

Support for the continuation of the practice is strongest among the country’s richest women and varies dramatically in different ethnic communities, with 84% of Mandinka women supporting the continuation of FGM compared with 12% of Wolof women.
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This year FGM was banned in Nigeria, which joined 18 other African countries that have outlawed the practice, including Central African Republic, Egypt and South Africa.

Somalia, which has the highest prevalence of FGM in the world, has indicated it would like to end the practice, with a spokeswoman for the ministry for women’s affairs saying it was “committed to make this happen” despite significant resistance in the country. Currently, 98% of girls aged between four and 11 are subjected to FGM in Somalia.

The Guardian launched a major campaign to end FGM around the world in 2014, with the support of the campaign petition website, Change.org.

The Guardian Global Media campaign works closely with local activists in the Gambia, Kenya and Nigeria to help them provide education and awareness on the issue and hope to expand the campaign to Sierra Leone, Senegal and Uganda next year.

Bron: http://www.theguardian.com/society/...ital-mutilation
Datum: 25/11
Eigen mening: Mocht je Gambia niet kunnen situeren, het is een relatief klein land dat grenst aan Senegal in West-Afrika. Ik vind vrouwelijke besnijdenis absurd. En dat zulke dingen nog in een veel te groot aantal landen gebeuren kan ik moeilijk plaatsen. Vooral in het land in het artikel, Gambia, gaat het om een extreme vorm van besnijden. Dat Gambia nu in de voetsporen volgt van andere Afrikaanse landen (Egypte, Zuid-Afrika...) en het gebeuren verbiedt, is zeker een stap in de goede richting. Of dit in de praktijk iets zal veranderen voor de meisjes in kwestie betwijfel ik ten zeerste. Besnijdenis is vaak diep in de cultuur ingebakken. Vrouwen vinden het normaal, er wordt zelfs vaak neergekeken op vrouwen waarbij het niet gebeurd is. Ze hebben er geen idee van dat vrouwelijke besnijdenis compleet onverantwoord is. Vrouwen die naar het Westen immigreren kunnen hun oren en ogen vaak niet geloven en proberen besnijdenis soms te verdedigen.
Ik wil graag een citaat uit het artikel bespreken: "He said the ban would come into effect immediately, though it was not clear when the government would draft legislation to enforce it." In de praktijk is het bijna onmogelijk om de bevolking dit te doen naleven. En dat zal ook niet gebeuren. Het goede is wel dat al deze Afrikaanse landen beginnen toe te geven dat het een onmenselijke praktijk is. De enigste manier om de situatie in die culturen te verbeteren is door de culturen zelf te laten inzien dat het verminking is. Daarom vind ik deze aankondiging een belangrijke stap vooruit. Dergelijke praktijken kunnen wel dergelijk afgeleerd worden, zoals dat gebeurd is met "foot binding" (lotusvoetjes) in China.