Eighteen constitutional changes would replace Turkey's parliamentary system of government with a presidential one, abolishing the office of the prime minister


Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has claimed victory in a referendum granting him sweeping new powers, hailing the result as an "historic decision".

The leader called on the international community to respect the result and discouraged his critics from "belittling" the outcome, saying they "shouldn't try, it will be in vain".

The state-run Anadolu news agency claimed that 51 per cent per cent of voters had sided with the "Yes" campaign, ushering in the most radical change to the country's political system in modern times.

But the main opposition the Republican People's Party (CHP) said they would demand a recount of up to 40 per cent of the vote, saying that "illegal acts" occurred during the vote and that there were up to 2.5m "problematic ballots". The pro-Kurdish People's Democratic Party (HDP) also claimed they had information that voter fraud was implicated in up to four per cent of the ballots. Both parties said they would appeal the results.

The Supreme Election Commission said it would make the unprecedented decision to count ballots that had not been stamped by its officials as valid unless they could be proved fraudulent, citing a high number of complaints that its officials at polling stations had failed to stamp them.

​Anadolu reported that Mr Erdogan had called allied political leaders to congratulate them over the yes win, with the words: “May this result be fortunate for our nation.” Meanwhile, Mr Erdogan was said to have told Prime Minister Binali Yildirim that the results were “clear”, according to presidential sources.

As Mr Erdogan's supporters celebrated on the streets of Istanbul with fireworks, the CHP said that “illegal acts” were carried out in favour of the government in the referendum.

Referring to the decision to count ballots without validation stamps, CHP Chairman Kemal Kilicdaroglu said: “You cannot change the rules of the game in the middle of the game," adding that the board had “cast a shadow on the results”.

Yet the head of Turkey’s high electoral board Sadi Güven refuted the claims, saying the decision to count votes without stamps was taken before the results were entered into the system and that members of the AKP and the main opposition were present at almost all polling stations and signed off on reports.

He also confirmed that the “Yes” campaign had won based on unofficial results. With only about 600,000 votes still to be counted, 1.25m Turkish voters had opted to expand the President’s powers, Mr Güven told reporters in Ankara. He added that official results were expected in 11-12 days

The leader of Turkey's nationalist MHP opposition party, Devlet Bahceli – who supported the "Yes" campaign – said that the outcome of a referendum on boosting the powers of Mr Erdogan was an “undeniably successful achievement” and should be respected.

Speaking to reporters in Istanbul, Mr Erdogan said unofficial results showed the “yes” side had won by a margin of 1.3 million votes.

The President struck a conciliatory tone, thanking all voters regardless of how they cast their ballots and describing the referendum as an “historic decision”.

“April 16 is the victory of all who said yes or no, of the whole 80 million, of the whole of Turkey of 780,000-square kilometers,” he said.

Turkey's foreign minister said the win brought about the birth of a “new Turkey”. Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu told a group of supporters in his hometown of Antalya on Sunday: “As of now, there is a truly new Turkey. There will be stability and trust in the new Turkey.”

ut, with the opposition parties stating that a re-count was required, it may be some time before a definitive result is reached. The HDP claimed that results would not be final until their appeal had been heard.

“The referendum result is a clear sign that a societal agreement could not be reach," HDP spokesman Osman Baydemir said. "Our co-chairs being jailed, the referendum being held under a state of emergency, and other oppressive measures cast a shadow and legitimacy problem over the vote,”

The vote introduces a raft of constitutional changes that mean Turkey's parliamentary democracy can be replaced with an executive presidency. Mr Erdogan said Turks could expect the process to be complete by November 2019.

After the constitutional changes come into effect, Mr Erdogan will have the ability to stay in power until at least 2029 — since he will gains the chance to run for re-election in 2019 and potentially serve two five-year terms.

The referendum result also allows him to re-take control of the ruling Justice and Development party (AKP) that he helped to found. Mr Erdogan spent 11 years as Turkey's Prime Minister, and head of the AKP, before becoming the country's first directly-elected President in August 2014 — a supposedly ceremonial role.

The vote has opened bitter political divides in Turkey. Before voting closed, Anadolu reported that two people died in a fight outside a polling station in the southeastern province of Diyarbakir.

Although the exact reason for the dispute was not known, Dogan news agency reported it as caused by "differences in political opinion".

Anadolu news agency said a quarrel between two families turned deadly Sunday in a village school's garden where people were casting their votes on Turkey's referendum.

The “Yes” campaign says the changes would streamline Turkey’s political system, and pointed out that both the US and France have an executive presidency.

But opponents fear the concentration of the power in the office of the Presidency would cause the country to lurch further towards authoritarianism and one-man rule.

Shortly after state media announced the result, Mr Erdogan said he would "take up" the issue of reinstating the death penalty in Turkey, a long-sought objective of his.

The outcome will also shape the republic's strained relations with the European Union. Turkey, a Nato member state, has curbed the flow of refugees and migrants – mainly refugees from wars in Syria and Iraq – using a route from Turkey to enter the bloc, but Mr Erdogan says he may review the deal after the vote.




Bron: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/...t-a7686511.html

Mening: Ik denk dat er terecht bedenkingen zijn bij de uitkomsten van de verkiezing. Het volk is natuurlijk machteloos hierin. Een daadwerkelijk corrupte overheid kan nooit worden weggestemd als diezelfde overheid de verkiezingen organiseert denk ik. Tenzij een onafhankelijke partij die verkiezingen organiseert, kan er niet met zekerheid gezegd worden of ze wel eerlijk verlopen is. Ik denk dat de kans dat deze verkiezing niet eerlijk verlopen is toch wel reëel is. De verkiezing is volgens mij niet transparant genoeg om te kunnen vertrouwen. "Ballots" die eigenlijk ongeldig zijn toch laten meetellen vind ik maar een rare beslissing. Met het oog op het welzijn van de democratie, hoop ik natuurlijk dat er daadwerkelijk een meerderheid "ja" stemde, maar sta hier voorzichtig kritisch tegenover.

OVSE-waarnemers zeer kritisch voor Turks referendum


De internationale waarnemersmissie van de Raad van Europa en de Organisatie voor Veiligheid en Samenwerking in Europa (OVSE) heeft talrijke tekortkomingen vastgesteld op de dag van het Turk referendum, maar vooral ook in aanloop naar de stembusslag. 'Het grondwettelijk referendum van 16 april heeft plaatsgevonden in ongelijke omstandigheden', luidt het in de voorlopige conclusies die maandag in Ankara zijn voorgesteld.


De stembusgang zelf verliep al bij al ordelijk en efficiënt, toch minstens in het beperkte aantal kiesbureaus dat de internationale waarnemers konden aandoen. Sommigen waarnemers kregen wel slechts beperkte toegang, of stelden vast dat politiemensen de identiteit van kiezers controleerden alvorens hen binnen te laten. Bovendien werden - zoals reeds bekend - de regels over de geldigheid van de stembiljetten nog tijdens het stemmen omgegooid. 'Dat ondermijnt een belangrijk vorm van garantie en gaat in tegen de wet', klinkt het.

Veel kritischer nog zijn de waarnemers over de opbouw naar het referendum. Die verliep erg ongelijk, waarbij het ja-kamp - aangevoerd door president Recep Tayyip Erdogan - wel erg in het voordeel was, onder meer dankzij de aanhoudende noodtoestand. Daar bovenop komt dat kiezers geen onpartijdige informatie kregen over de sleutelelementen van de voorliggende hervormingen, maar ook dat middenveldorganisaties uit de campagne werden geweerd.

De internationale waarnemers tillen zwaar aan de organisatie van een belangrijk referendum als dit terwijl de noodtoestand van kracht is. Fundamentele rechten en vrijheden werden daardoor beknot, niet in het minst via het verbieden van de vrijheid van vergadering en van meningsuiting door provinciale gezagsdragers.

'Nooddecreten die de wetgeving omtrent het referendum aanpasten, gingen verder dan de vereisten van de noodtoestand en konden niet aangevochten worden', hekelen de waarnemers. Meer dan 170 door de oppositie voorgestelde voorzitters van lokale kiescomités werden ook geweigerd, terwijl na de mislukte coup van juli 2016 al drie leden van de hoogste verkiezingsraad en 221 lagere voorzitters - stuk voor stuk rechters - vervangen waren.

Daarnaast hebben de internationale waarnemers nog een hele reeks andere punten van kritiek. Bijvoorbeeld dat ngo’s en professionele organisaties geen campagne mochten voeren, dat de president en andere topfunctionarissen veel meer gratis mediatijd kregen, dat overheidsmiddelen werden misbruikt, dat neen-stemmers door hoge gezagdragers als sympathisanten van terroristen werden bestempeld, dat campagnemomenten van het neen-kamp niet zelden geconfronteerd werden met 'politie-acties en gewelddadige onlusten', enzovoort.

Kritiek is er ook op het feit dat de achttien voorgestelde amendementen niet afzonderlijk aan de kiezers zijn voorgelegd, maar als één pakket. Iets wat volgens de waarnemers 'ingaat tegen de internationale goede praktijken voor referenda'.

Tot slot stellen de OVSE en de Raad van Europa het gebrek aan binnenlandse waarnemers aan de kaak. Opnieuw wijzen ze daarbij met beschuldigende vinger naar de forse reactie van het Erdogan-regime op de mislukte coup. Daardoor schroefden middenveldorganisaties 'hun steun aan observatiepogingen significant terug uit schrik voor represailles', klinkt het. Bovendien waren na de mislukte coup al '1.583 ngo’s ontmanteld, inclusief organisaties die voorheen observatiemissies ondersteunden'.


Blog DS, 17-04-2017

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